Hambarsonpour v. Bondi

A man born in France in 1992 to Iranian refugee parents, brought to the United States at the age of nine and ordered removed to France in 2014, was held in immigration detention for more than eleven months while the government said repeatedly that French travel documents would issue soon. The court ordered his immediate release. It found the government had offered nothing beyond assertions, and it recorded months of inactivity on the file, including a failure to follow up until the French Embassy made contact some three months after the first approach. The court enjoined removal to any third country without notice and a meaningful opportunity to respond in reopened removal proceedings. It agreed with Nguyen v. Scott and Abubaka v. Bondi that a voluntary promise by the government, even one carrying twenty-four hours of advance notice, does not protect the statutory and due process rights at stake. On the punitive question the court said it found no reason to deviate from Abubaka, and agreed with its holding that the practice of third-country removal paired with imprisonment is intended to be punitive and violates due process under Wong Wing v. United States (1896) and Zadvydas v. Davis (2001). The order it entered is worded more broadly than the one in Abubaka: the government may not remove him to a third country where he is likely to face "imprisonment or harm." The order describes the third-country removal programme itself as unconstitutionally punitive.

Caution A decision of a single district court, binding only on the parties. It is the second decision in the same district, by a different judge, to reach the punitive holding, and it adopts that holding rather than reasoning to it independently: the underlying analysis was done in Nguyen v. Scott and in Abubaka v. Bondi four days earlier. The court treated the question as settled enough within the district that it found no reason to deviate. That is how a line of district decisions hardens, and it is not a ruling by any appellate court. The commercial reporter carried a positive signal on the decision as of September 2026. The punitive analysis this decision adopts was made in Nguyen v. Scott at the preliminary injunction stage on 21 August 2025. Nguyen was voluntarily dismissed by its petitioner the following month after an agreement between the parties and never reached a merits decision, a fact recorded in the published opinion in Baltodano v. Bondi, 815 F. Supp. 3d 1191. That does not make the findings wrong, and they have since been adopted on the records of other cases, but anyone relying on this line should know where it begins.

Prolonged detention (Zadvydas) Third-country removal Notice Reopened removal proceedings Unconstitutional punishment Wong Wing Delay in travel documents

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