The removal of people who hold protection under the Convention Against Torture to countries other than their own: what the law permits, what it prohibits, what the record shows, and where the sources are.
Inside
- 74 decisions read
- 74 articles
Educational resources
Projects
A project is a subject the Coalition follows over time rather than a single report. It gathers the primary sources in one place: the court decisions as the courts wrote them, the country material behind a claim of risk, the documents the record rests on, and the reporting written as the subject develops. A project is not a campaign and it does not ask anything of the reader.
Each project is built to be used rather than admired. The decisions are listed with what each one held and where the court’s own text can be found, so that a reader can check the Coalition rather than take its word. The country pages set out what is known about an arrangement and what exists in that country for a person who arrives under it. Where the courts have divided, both answers are shown rather than the more convenient one.
Nothing here is legal advice, and nothing here is a substitute for a lawyer. The material is published so that people facing these questions, and the people helping them, can see the record for themselves.
The standard the projects are measured against. Two reference pages set out the law the designations on this site apply: Refoulement, the rule against sending a person into danger, and CAT, what the Convention prohibits and what individual states have accepted under it.
Current projects
Record last added to September 17, 2026
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States that agreed to take, or have taken, people removed from the United States who are not their nationals. What a person actually finds on arrival: whether transfers there are established, whether people were detained, what status they were given and for how long, whether anyone has been removed onward, and who can be reached inside the country.
Inside
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Belize
- Burundi
- Cabo Verde
- Cameroon
- Central African Republic
- Costa Rica
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Dominica
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- El Salvador
- Equatorial Guinea
- Eswatini
- Ghana
- Grenada
- Guatemala
- Guyana
- Honduras
- Jamaica
- Kosovo
- Liberia
- Mexico
- Moldova
- Palau
- Panama
- Paraguay
- Rwanda
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Lucia
- Sierra Leone
- South Sudan
- The Bahamas
- Uganda
- Uzbekistan
- What a receiving state agrees to
- What an Alert means
- 35 country guides
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The register organized by the question each court answered rather than by date, so a reader looking for the law on one point can find every decision on it, including the ones that came out the other way.
Inside
- Notice
- Redetention
- Third-country designation
- Prolonged detention (Zadvydas)
- Due process
- Withholding of removal
- 103 decisions read
- 118 questions
- 26 courts
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A promise by one government to another that a particular person will not be tortured after he is handed over. What the law requires before one may be relied on, what the courts have held, and why serious people disagree about whether the practice can be made safe.
Inside
- 5 sections
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A third-country removal can be lawful. This project is about what has been added to it: how people are moved, what has been waiting for them on arrival, and what United States courts have done when they were shown the answer.
Inside
- Start here
- How a removal is carried out
- What has been waiting on arrival
- What the law forbids
- What the courts have done
- What the government has said
- Sources
- 7 sections
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States documented breaching the prohibition on return through their own conduct rather than by receiving people others sent: sending people into danger, pushing them back at a border, or removing them in disregard of the prohibition. Judged by exactly the same test as every other state on this site.
Inside
- 6 country guides
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Countries a court has found it unsafe to return a particular person to. Membership is set by the Coalition's own register of court decisions, not by any assessment of danger. Protection is granted to a person, never to a nationality.
Inside
- 11 sections